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Introduction
Historical Development of Agriculture
Characteristic of Malaysian Agriculture
Industrial Crops
Livestock
New sources of Growth
Agricultural Marketing
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Introduction
1957-46% Gross Domestic Product
2010-7.52% Gross Domestic Product
Ctical Thinking . Why the rate of Gross Domestic Product become lower ?? How it happen ?
Answer: During 1957 , 80.3% employment working in Agri Sector, but in 2010, only 7.52
employment involve in agri sector
History Development of Malaysian Agriculture
Pre-independence (The plantations was bring my british)
- Rubber plantations
- Tea , cocoa , coffee
Malaysia :- Rice , fruits and other crops
University Putra Malaysia is the first University develop agriculture of Malaysia
(http://www.upm.edu.my/about_us/TheStoryBehindUPM?LANG=en)
Post-independence
Felcra and Felda
1.Huge land to be culticated with plantation crops
2.Smallholders : switch subsistence crops > cash crops
New Economic Policy (1970-1984)
Goal-Adress income disparity between races
How?
- Intensifying and expanding FELDA & FELCRA program
- Setup of own rice mills by Lembaga Padi&Beras Negara
- Rubber Smallholding organized by Risda
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Example |
Fact- Malaysia was top producers for NATURAL RUBBER and PALM OIL
National Agricultural Policy
Objective
1st-Linkage of agricultural production with agro-based industries(1984-1991)
2nd-Labour and capital , increase efficiency (1992-2010)
3rd-Introduced product - Food security , Revised NAP 2 (1998-2010)
Last-Objectice 60% oilm palm, 20% rubber.NAP2&NAP3 (2004)
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Characteristic of Malaysia Agriculture
1.Estate
- High commercialized
- Efficiently
- Land larged than 40.5 ha
- Owned by public
- Palm oil,rubber and cocoa
2.Small holder
- Less commercialized
- Farm size 1.45 ha
- Rice,fruits and vegetables
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Industrial Crops
1.Oil palm
- Largest planted crop in Malaysia
- Biggest foreign exchange earner
- 39% for palm oil production & 44% for exports
- Origin; Sierra Leone ,Africa
- Planted in Malaysia (1971)
- 25-30 month
- Life span (20 years)
2.Rubber
- First major plantation crop
- Brazil (1877)
- 80 years for dominate
- why Malaysia switched oil palm - decline price,cost,decline labour
- Planted by smallholder (97%)
3.Coconut
- 4th largest crop
- Factor of decline - low income ,small farm,labour
Valued added - rejuvenate coconut industry, good for skin,demand from local
4.Cocoa
- Most planting areas in sabah
- Processing in Malaysia
- Characteristic : high melting point
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cocoa |
- 5th largest plant cocoa process in the world
5.Rice
- high subsidized
- 3rd largest planted crop in country
- kuala muda,barat laut,seberang
- contributed 70% national rice production
6.Fruits
- smallholder
- watermalon,papaya ,star fruit and banana
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sugar cane perlis |
- factors increase - high demand and value added
Other Industrial Crops
Coffee : Smallholder in Johon and Selangor. [Type'Liberica,Robusta and Arabica]
Sugarcane: Perlis and Kedah , Need district dry season , Import from Australia
Tea : Cameron highland,Perak,Selangor [Type 'Assam]
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Livestock
Non-ruminant :poulty and swine
- high commercialized
- high technology
- production for country, [67% poultry] [25% swine]
Ruminant: cow,dairy and goat
- smallholder and low techonology
- contribute 8% for country livestock
- self sufficiency level not achieved
- always import from others country [cow]
Fisheries & Aquaculture
- aquaculture[farming of aquatic organisms including fishing
- important supplier of animal protein
- important commodity [prawn & seaweed]
- steady growth since 2000
Q&A : which one is better ?? Fisheries or Aquaculture
Answer ; Of course Aquaculture - save livestock of earth
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New Sources of Growth
Herbs&Spices,Pharmaceuticals,Natural producst
- Rapid growth at 10-15% per annum
- Targeted as growth sector after ICT
- Market value in 2010: Rm7 billion
- Expected value in 2020 :Rm29 billion
- Reason high value : Awareness on health care
- Currently,planted by small holders
- Government target large scale herbal plantation
East cost Economic Regional herbal Plantation Project
- Plantation area 406 ha - Dungun Terengganu
- Plantation area 327 ha-Lipis Pahang
- Eg 1[Dukung anak] treat kidney,malaria,athma
- Eg 2[Mas Cotek] reduce cholestorol,bloog sugar level
- Eg 3[Tongkat Ali]Antimalarial,antimicrobial
- Eg 4[Hempedu Bumi]Treatment for gastro
- Eg 5[Kacip Fatimah]For childbirth,Rheumatism
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Hempedu Bumi |
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Mas Cotek |
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Agricultural Marketing
Export Crop Sector
Palm oil
- Independent small holders:Low productivity and sell through middleman
- Producers in land development scheme:Production and marketting follow the parents
- Private estates:Very organized , processed own produces
Food sector
- small farms and minimal involvement by government or corporate sectors
- Marketting usually through middleman /wholesellers
- Except rice : Have Government intervention
Agri-food New Supply Chain
- Transformation due to external and domestic drivers
- External: rapid development or large retail chains
- IN 2005 : 81 hypermarket in Malaysia , 83% are foreign-owned
- Domestic : Charge in consumer income , consumption and lifestyle
Different between Conventiol Agri-Food Marketting and New food supply Chanin
Federal Agricultural Marketting Authority (FAMA)
- Responsibility :Supervision , coordination , regulation of improvement of the marketting of agricultural products for domestic , export and import market
- Marketting Strategies
- Farmer,s Market
- Bussiness on wheels